Molecular regulation of sexual preference revealed by genetic studies of 5-HT in the brains of male mice

Although the question of to whom a male directs his mating attempts is a critical one in social interactions, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling mammalian sexual preference. Here we report that the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is required for male sexual preference. Wild-type male mice preferred females over males, but males lacking central serotonergic neurons lost sexual preference although they were not generally defective in olfaction or in pheromone sensing. A role for 5-HT was demonstrated by the phenotype of mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2), which is required for the first step of 5-HT synthesis in the brain. Thirty-five minutes after the injection of the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which circumvented Tph2 to restore 5-HT to the wild-type level, adult Tph2 knockout mice also preferred females over males. These results indicate that 5-HT and serotonergic neurons in the adult brain regulate mammalian sexual preference.     

Molecular organization of vomeronasal chemoreception

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) has a key role in mediating the social and defensive responses of many terrestrial vertebrates to species- and sex-specific chemosignals. More than 250 putative pheromone receptors have been identified in the mouse VNO, but the nature of the signals detected by individual VNO receptors has not yet been elucidated. To gain insight into the molecular logic of VNO detection leading to mating, aggression or defensive responses, we sought to uncover the response profiles of individual vomeronasal receptors to a wide range of animal cues. Here we describe the repertoire of behaviourally and physiologically relevant stimuli detected by a large number of individual vomeronasal receptors in mice, and define a global map of vomeronasal signal detection. We demonstrate that the two classes (V1R and V2R) of vomeronasal receptors use fundamentally different strategies to encode chemosensory information, and that distinct receptor subfamilies have evolved towards the specific recognition of certain animal groups or chemical structures. The association of large subsets of vomeronasal receptors with cognate, ethologically and physiologically relevant stimuli establishes the molecular foundation of vomeronasal information coding, and opens new avenues for further investigating the neural mechanisms underlying behaviour specificity.     

甘肃交通门户网站存在的问题与优化对策

有针对性地反映了甘肃交通门户网站在管理、经费保障、发展规划、制度建设等方面存在的问题,针对当前甘肃交通网站存在的问题,从做大做强交通门户网站的目的出发,提出了具体的优化对策,包括网站目标定位、组织机构建设、运行管理制度建设、公众参与平台建设和资金投入保障机制等。     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

基于相关成分分析法的雷达目标识别仿真研究

给出了_种基于双谱特征和相关成分分析法(Relevant Component Analysis,RCA)相结合的雷达目标特征提取与识别方法.利用四种飞机模型的重点散射源二维分布测试教据和频率步进法,得到目标的一维纵向距离像.针对雷达高分辨率一维距离像的双谱特征,利用改进的白化变换矩阵进行去相关,得到统计不相关鉴别正交矢量集.然后采用Parzen窗方法估计概率密度函数,用贝叶斯分类器进行分类识别.实验数据结果表明,双谱有效地抑制了噪声影响,而相关成分分析法利用了信号白化处理过程中去除信号类间的相关性的优点,聚集了同类样本,因而比主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)具有更好的分类效果.     

成型模修复残冠的临床应用

应用新创制的成型模修复残冠,比较成型模与成形片和成形夹分别充填银汞合金修复残冠的临床效果。用成型模对残冠（n=50）行银汞合金充填,分别就充填成功率、牙冠成形效果和咀嚼效率变化情况与成形片（n=50）进行比较。经连续观察,实验组的充填成功率（87%）、牙冠成形效果（89%）和咀嚼效率（8.56±4.10366）,而对照组分别是64%、61%和2.92±4.34856,两组疗效差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。利用成型模行银汞合金充填残冠效果优于利用最常用的成形片和成形夹行银汞合金充填残冠,是值得推广的治疗方法。     

面部软组织三维有限元建模和变换

为了实现在临床上快速地为病人建立个体化有限元模型用于正畸治疗的术前预测，研宄首先在正常领型志愿者A的CT数据的基础上建立一含包含度朕、肌肉和脂肪的通用唇面部软纽织三维有限元模型。然后通过选取的面部标志点，使用径向基函数（Radial Base Function,RBF）插值法把通用模型变换成志愿者B的唇面部模型而实现通用模型的含体化。结果显示志愿者B的个体化模型和其CT数据在唇面部区域的平均误差在0．47mm左右，而且具有较好的相似度。     

论高校图书馆在大学生信息素质教育中的作用

阐述了大学生信息素质教育的内涵,分析了大学生信息素质教育的必要性和重要性,探讨了高校图书馆在大学生信息素质教育中的作用。     

“城市中心论”对探索农村包围城市道路的影响

"城市中心论"首先以"城市暴动为中心的全国总暴动"的盲动主义表现出来。在共产国际第九次执委会和中共六大后,共产国际仍坚持城市是农民暴动的中心和指导者,阻碍中央将工作重心从城市转向农村;在李立三中央时期又以"进攻大城市"的冒险主义表现出来;共产国际对中国党的内部事务横加干涉,支持王明上台,使得"城市中心论"在中国的盛行达到了顶点,对中国共产党探索农村包围城市道路产生了消极的影响。     

自调匀整中的最小方差控制研究

在自调匀整方案中,应用以方差最小为性能指标的新的控制方案,对改善匀整效果具有现实意义。本文以此为目的,在已得到对象数学模型的基础上,推导了广义最小方差控制律,求得控制算式,研制了用微机实现控制的硬件和软件系统。现场试验表明:整定得好的新控制方案较之原有PI控制,输出棉条线密度方差确有明显战小。